The Root Causes of Displacement: How We Should Tackle This Crisis with a Proactive, Global, and Stronger Cooperation

Every year, millions of people are forced to flee their homes.

They leave due to conflict, persecution, climate change, and economic instability. While refugee crises often make headlines, the deeper causes behind this global displacement crisis and the need for long-term solutions receive far less attention. Stronger global cooperation, innovative approaches, and a commitment to providing safe routes to refugee protection are needed in order to address this systemic issue. Across the UK and in Scotland, the governments should take a proactive approach – not only in responding to refugee movements but also in addressing the root causes that force people to leave their countries in the first place. 

Latest statistics show that 238 people, including 35 children, are missing or have died attempting to cross the English Channel as of January 2024. 

The root causes of the displacement crisis are often complex and interconnected, ranging from armed conflict and political instability to environmental issues, economic inequality, systemic inequality, lack of opportunity, and the effects of climate change on already vulnerable communities across the world. 

Wars, internal conflicts, and political oppression are among the leading drivers of displacement. Countries such as Ukraine, Syria, Iran, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Sudan have seen millions flee due to prolonged violence and internal political conflicts. 

Human rights violations, persecution, economic instability, and poverty, as well as lack of access to jobs, healthcare, and education, can push people to seek safety and opportunities elsewhere. 

Addressing these root causes requires a multifaceted and intersectional approach. It involves not only diplomatic efforts to resolve conflicts but also investments in sustainable development and good governance. Only by tackling these issues at their core can we provide effective responses to this issue and reduce the need for people to flee their homes in the first place. 

Sustainable Refugee Solutions 

We must also ensure that those who are forced to flee have access to safe and legal pathways to protection. Too often, refugees are forced to undertake dangerous journeys, risking their lives in search of safety. By providing safe routes, we can protect vulnerable individuals and families while also reducing the strain on the current migration system. Preventing displacement is the ultimate goal. No single country can tackle forced migration alone. A global issue requires a global response. Strengthening international cooperation is key to addressing both the causes of displacement and the challenges that arise when people seek refuge. 

Expanding humanitarian corridors, increasing refugee resettlement quotas, and providing legal pathways for migration can prevent unnecessary deaths and exploitation by traffickers. The 1951 Refugee Convention provides a framework for refugee protection, but stronger enforcement and commitment are needed, including: 

• Facilitating the reunification of refugee families who have been separated by conflict. 

• Empowering local communities to directly support refugees through sponsorship programmes, fostering integration and mutual understanding. 

• More equitable responsibility-sharing among nations, including financial support for host countries, ensuring better protection and integration opportunities for displaced people. 

Scotland’s approach to asylum is a testament to the power of compassion and collaboration. By prioritising the dignity and well-being of asylum seekers, Scotland is working towards a model that other nations can learn from. For those forced to flee their homes, Scotland offers not just safety but the opportunity to thrive and contribute to a vibrant, inclusive society. 

The importance of empathy, solidarity, and action cannot be overstated. By working together, we can create a world where everyone has the chance to live in peace and dignity.